Petra, often referred to as the “Rose City”, is a historical and archaeological marvel located in the southwestern desert of Jordan. It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and adventurers alike.
Petra, Jordan: A Detailed Travel Guide
Petra, often referred to as the “Rose City”, is a historical and archaeological marvel located in the southwestern desert of Jordan. It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and adventurers alike.
History of Petra
- Nabataean Civilization: Petra was established in the 4th century BCE by the Nabataeans, an ancient Arab tribe. They made it their capital and a significant trading hub, connecting caravan routes between Arabia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean.
- Roman Influence: After being annexed by the Roman Empire in 106 CE, Petra flourished under Roman rule but eventually declined as trade routes shifted.
- Rediscovery: The site remained unknown to the Western world until Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt rediscovered it in 1812.
Key Attractions in Petra
1. Al-Khazneh (The Treasury)
- Overview: The most iconic structure of Petra, Al-Khazneh, greets visitors as they emerge from the narrow Siq canyon.
- Highlights:
- Carved from pink sandstone in the 1st century CE.
- Believed to be a royal tomb or treasury.
- Stunning Hellenistic architectural influences.
2. The Siq
- Overview: A dramatic 1.2 km narrow gorge that serves as the main entrance to Petra.
- Features:
- Towering sandstone walls, reaching heights of 80 meters.
- Ancient water channels carved by the Nabataeans.
- Unique rock formations and colors that shift with the sunlight.
3. The Monastery (Ad-Deir)
- Overview: One of Petra’s largest monuments, located at the end of a steep climb.
- Highlights:
- Similar in style to The Treasury but larger.
- Offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains.
- Served as a Nabataean temple.
4. The Royal Tombs
- Overview: A cluster of grand tombs carved into the cliffside.
- Notable Tombs:
- Urn Tomb: Believed to have been a royal burial site.
- Silk Tomb: Known for its colorful striations in the rock.
- Corinthian Tomb: Blends Nabataean and Roman architectural styles.
5. The Great Temple
- Overview: A vast and impressive archaeological site.
- Details:
- Once a significant ceremonial area.
- Features colonnaded streets and a massive courtyard.
6. Petra Theater
- Overview: A rock-carved amphitheater with a seating capacity of 8,000.
- Significance:
- Reflects Nabataean engineering skills.
- Later expanded by the Romans.
7. High Place of Sacrifice
- Overview: An elevated ceremonial site offering panoramic views.
- Access:
- Requires a steep hike.
- Features sacrificial altars and drainage channels.
Unique Experiences in Petra
- Petra by Night:
- A magical experience where the Siq and Treasury are lit by thousands of candles.
- Includes traditional Bedouin music and storytelling.
- Hiking Trails:
- Al Khubtha Trail: Offers a spectacular view of The Treasury from above.
- Back Route to Monastery: A less crowded trail starting from Little Petra.
- Little Petra (Siq al-Barid):
- A smaller archaeological site near Petra.
- Features unique rock carvings and frescoes.
- Bedouin Culture:
- Engage with local Bedouins who have lived in the area for generations.
- Experience traditional crafts, music, and cuisine.