Chittorgarh Fort (Rajasthan)
Chittorgarh Fort, located in the state of Rajasthan, is one of India’s largest and most historically significant forts. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the fort sprawls over 700 acres on a hilltop, rising 180 meters above the surrounding plains. Built in the 7th century by the Maurya dynasty, it has been a symbol of Rajput valor, resistance, and sacrifice throughout Indian history.
Historical Background
- Origins: The fort was established by Chitrangada Maurya in the 7th century. Over time, it became the capital of the Mewar kingdom.
- Rajput Valor: The fort has witnessed numerous sieges and battles, notably against Alauddin Khilji, Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, and the Mughal Emperor Akbar.
- Sacrificial Legends: It is known for the heroic acts of Jauhar (self-immolation) by its women during enemy invasions, preserving their honor and independence.
Architectural Features
- Perimeter: The fort spans over 13 kilometers with massive walls and seven fortified gates (pols), including the famous Padan Pol, Ganesh Pol, and Ram Pol.
- Construction: Made of limestone and sandstone, its robust structure is an architectural marvel.
- Reservoirs: The fort boasts 22 water bodies, including reservoirs, wells, and stepwells, ensuring a self-sustaining water supply.
Key Attractions Inside the Fort
- Vijay Stambh (Tower of Victory)
- Built by Rana Kumbha in the 15th century to celebrate his victory over Mahmud Khilji.
- The 9-story tower is adorned with intricate carvings of Hindu deities and inscriptions.
- Visitors can climb to the top for panoramic views of the fort and surroundings.
- Kirti Stambh (Tower of Fame)
- A 12th-century Jain tower dedicated to Adinath, the first Tirthankara.
- Smaller yet equally ornate, it reflects Jain artistic traditions.
- Rana Kumbha Palace
- The largest structure within the fort, once the residence of the rulers of Mewar.
- Known for its underground cellars, believed to have been used for Jauhar by Queen Padmini and other women.
- Padmini’s Palace
- Associated with the legendary beauty of Queen Padmini, whose reflection in a mirror is said to have captivated Alauddin Khilji.
- Located amidst a lotus pool, this palace symbolizes the fort’s historical lore.
- Temples
- Kalika Mata Temple: Originally dedicated to the Sun God, later converted into a shrine for the goddess Kali.
- Meera Temple: Dedicated to the poet-saint Meera Bai, a devotee of Lord Krishna.
- Gaumukh Reservoir
- A sacred water tank fed by a natural spring.
- Often visited by pilgrims and travelers for its serene ambiance.